CPD Accredited 5th World Congress on Surgical Pathology and Oncology Research

Prague, Czech Republic

May 8-10, 2023

Onco-pathology is a branch of research that examines strange, growing, and proliferating body parts that are referred to as tumors or neoplasms. In essence, it is the area of science that deals with cancer. It aids in the research of cancerous and non-cancerous tumors, metastasis, and tumorigenesis. It also covers the investigation of proto-oncogenes or genes that prevent tumors growth, as well as the occurrence and growth of both malignant and benign tumors.

A branch of pathology called "digital pathology" is devoted to managing data based on information derived from digitalized specimen slides. Digital pathology uses virtual microscopy through the use of computer-based technology.

Radiology, which uses radiation for imaging and diagnosis in medicine, is not the same as radiation oncology, the medical specialty that deals with prescribing radiation. A radiation oncologist may recommend radiation as part of adjuvant therapy with the goal of curing the cancer. It can also be used therapeutically or as palliative care (where the goal is local disease control or symptom reduction when a cure is not achievable) (where the therapy has survival benefit and can be curative).

Pediatric oncologists receive education and training in both oncology and pediatrics. When it comes to malignancies, those that affect youngsters frequently differ from those that affect adults. Because of this, pediatric oncologists are experts in caring for young patients with cancer, including newborns, kids, teens, and young adults. The majority of malignancies that are prevalent in youngsters differ from those that are encountered in adults.

Speech pathology is the study of speaking, listening, problems, and therapy in human interaction. It aids in the diagnosis and treatment of issues with speaking, listening, social interaction, and voice use. Patients with dementia, cerebral palsy, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing food), hearing loss, poor intelligence, stammering, speech abnormalities, etc. are addressed.

A molecular genetic pathologist employs laboratory techniques and gives information on gene structure, function, and alteration for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with associated illnesses. Due to the rise in genetic disorders like cancer, diabetes, and heart disease, it has become a cutting-edge area in the study of pathology.

In forensic pathology, the analysis of a corpse is used to identify the cause of death. In some jurisdictions, a medical examiner or forensic pathologist conducts a post mortem examination typically during the investigation of criminal law cases and civil law proceedings. The analysis of DNA, bones, and blood samples, among other things, is essential in criminal investigations.

Gynecologic pathology is a branch of medical pathology that focuses on understanding and diagnosing diseases of the female genital system. A gynecologic pathologist is a doctor who specializes in this field. Gynecologic pathologists are experts in identifying illnesses of the female reproductive system through tissue analysis. This also includes the diseases of the placenta.

The diagnosis and management of disease in animals is known as veterinary pathology. The investigation of animal sickness in various species, frequently with consequences for humans. By examining the aetiology and pathophysiology of disease at all levels, pathology offers the scientific underpinning for the practice of medicine. Pathology testing aids in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of your pet by your veterinarian. By doing so, animals can obtain the best treatment for their ailment faster and stay healthy for longer.

Surgical pathology is a specialization of gastrointestinal pathology. It addresses the diagnosis and classification of conditions affecting the liver, pancreas, and other organs as well as disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. These patients have gastrointestinal pathology such as nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, ulcerative colitis, ulcerative proctitis, or Crohn's disease, sprue-like illness with flat villi, chronic giardiasis, and non-specific malabsorption.

Cancer genomics is the study of all DNA variations and variations in gene expression between cancer cells and healthy host cells. The DNA of a tumors can be analyzed to tailor treatment for a variety of cancers, perhaps improving response and preventing negative side effects.

Plant pathology is a branch of biology that focuses on understanding the origins of plant diseases, how they spread through populations and individual plants, and how to manage or prevent them. The pathogens that affect plants include bacteria, nematodes, fungus, viruses, and parasitic plants. Modern methods in plant pathology can shield crops from disease-related losses. Plant pathology has helped to the manufacture of certified disease-free seeds. Most diseases with recognized disease cycles can now be prevented by changing cultural norms.

Orthopedic pathology, commonly known as bone pathology, is a branch of surgical pathology that focuses on understanding the causes and consequences of musculoskeletal system illnesses. It deals with the diagnosis and features of many different bone diseases. Orthopedic problems can be inherited, and environmental and hereditary variables might interfere with the proper operation of the bones, joints, or muscles. Other factors that contribute to bone illnesses include significant impacts, injuries, bone weakening, and bone loss.

Cancer is basically a condition involving the control of tissue growth. Changes in the genes that control cell development and differentiation are required for a normal cell to develop into a cancer cell. Genetic alterations can take place on a variety of scales, from the addition or deletion of entire chromosomes to a mutation impacting a single DNA nucleotide. There are many different classification systems for the numerous genetic alterations that could lead to the development of cancer cells. Mutations, or changes in the nucleotide sequence of genomic DNA, account for the majority of these alterations. An aberrant number of chromosomes, or aneuploidy, is a genetic change that does not entail a mutation. It might involve the gain or loss of one or more chromosomes due to mistakes in mitosis.

Microbial pathology is the study of the molecular processes by which microorganisms infect people and other animals. The pathogens that cause disease and harm, including bacteria, protozoa, plants, and viruses, have developed effective means of locating their hosts and obtaining resources. Analysis of the involvement of specific elements (genes or proteins) on overall cell activity has been the traditional method in microbial physiology.

A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers of the male and female urinary tracts as well as the male reproductive organs is known as a urologic oncologist. The bladder, kidneys, prostate, penis, and testicles are a few of these organs. For many urologic malignancies, surgery is frequently the first line of defense. The sort of surgery may vary based on the cancer's stage and type. Treatment options for urologic cancer that has spread may also include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the name given to a computer that can carry out tasks that humans can carry out. The use of AI in cancer treatment may improve the speed and accuracy of diagnoses, support clinical judgement, and produce better health outcomes. The current approach to developing anticancer drugs can be considerably improved by machine learning and other AI technologies. AI-driven clinical care has the potential to significantly reduce health disparities, particularly in low-resource environments. Using an AI-based system approach, researchers can work together in real-time and share knowledge virtually, possibly helping millions of people. In addition, AI has the potential to transform oncology by utilizing big data to advance cancer treatment into the 21st century and beyond.

The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic in the first half of 2020 had a direct and major impact on the treatment of cancer. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on cancer care in a variety of ways, with varying degrees of severity around the world. Being a vulnerable group, people with cancer are subject to a number of issues during pandemics, including as increased susceptibility to infection and disruptions in their normal or cancer treatment. One of the most significant concerns for clinicians is the possibility of cardiovascular problems in cancer patients who have also been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Another issue with COVID-19 positive cancer patients is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

Researchers are continually attempting to increase our knowledge of cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Inequalities are being addressed, and the quality of life for cancer survivors is being improved. The latest cancer research, including innovations that may soon lead to better care.

The diagnosis and treatment of cancer in the elderly, often those who are 65 years of age and older, is the focus of the medical specialty known as geriatric oncology. This relatively new but rapidly growing subspecialty includes the unique requirements of the elderly into the treatment of cancer. Breast, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, lung, bladder, and stomach cancers are only a few of the cancers that have been associated to ageing. There is a statement that states that all oncologists who are not pediatric oncologists are geriatric oncologists because the majority of non-pediatric cancer patients are older.

Nanotechnology provides the means to selectively and directly aim medicines at malignant cells and other neoplasms. With the use of the tools, medical professionals can treat tumors with chemotherapy, radiation, and the newest immuno- and gene therapies in a secure and efficient manner. An important push to enhance medicine delivery in cancer has been made possible by the development of new nanomaterials and Nano carriers. Nanotechnology advancements are also anticipated to lay the groundwork for the creation of innovative therapies and widespread use of cancer detection techniques.

In recent years, a number of studies have emphasized the dual importance of the gut microbiota in maintaining the host's health. The term "gut microbiota" refers to the diverse population of commensal microorganisms, primarily bacteria but also including fungi, archaea, and viruses that live in the large intestine and other parts of the digestive tract. It can be viewed as one of the factors to which we are continuously exposed, at high doses, throughout our lives. In the gut, complex interactions between the resident gut bacteria and the human body take place. Numerous metabolites and bio products that are produced by gut bacteria aid in keeping the host and the gut in balance.